Don’t Mess With Adelaide’s Homies

Feral pigeons can be public health pests. They can accumulate wherever there is food and shelter, and can take up residence almost anywhere, including around houses, tall city buildings or schools. As well as being a nuisance and causing extensive damage to property, feral pigeons can also pose a risk to human health.

That statement from the South Australian Health Department would seem to suggest that the SA Government considers that pigeons are a pest that requires control, yet in another installment from the state that keeps on giving, pigeons enjoy more legal protection in South Australia than just about anywhere.

The important caveat on that statement is that the specific protections only apply to a specific type of pigeon, being the homing pigeon.

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(Commercial Lore’s editor-in-chief)

Under South Australia law, it is a specific offence to harm a homing pigeon. Moreover, the law prohibits unspecific ‘interference’ with a homing pigeon. It is not sure what ‘interference’ means, but you can probably hazard a guess. If you’re dead-set on messing with homing pigeons, just kill the thing, don’t interfere with it. Be a criminal, not a monster.

Sure, there are easier ways to break the law – pigeons are probably quite difficult to interfere with – and when you factor in the costs of a defending a charge, it is probably worth directing your efforts elsewhere. Just don’t let any prospective employers or potential romantic partners learn of your misdeeds. They’re probably not going to be OK with it. Ask me how I know…go on…ask me!

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The law doesn’t just single out killing homing pigeons as a specific offence. Homing pigeons are also protected from being assaulted or kidnapped.

47—Interference with homing pigeons 

        (1)         A person who—

(a)         without lawful authority, kills, injures or takes any homing pigeon; or

(b)         enters upon any land for the purpose of killing, injuring or taking any homing pigeon without lawful authority,

is guilty of an offence.

Section 47 of the Summary Offences Act 1953 (SA) singles out the fixating fowls as a sub-category of animals deserving of protection beyond the already broad (and much harsher) provision of section 13 of the Animal Welfare Act 1985 (SA) which allows for up to 2 years imprisonment and a $50,000 fine.

The specific crime of killing, injuring or taking a homing pigeon is punishable by a fine of only $250, which pales in comparison to the 2 years imprisonment facing anyone harming any other animal.

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The law itself is straight-forward but there are a number of further intrigues that make this law somewhat more unique; specifically:

  1. Instead of defining homing pigeons as any pigeon which has been trained to operate as a homing pigeon, the SA law instead defines a homing pigeon as any pigeon with a ring around its legs.

    Now I’ll be the first to admit that I’m not familiar with the practices of raising homing pigeons, but it has to be more specific and more readily identifiable than simply being any pigeon with a ring around its leg.

    There doesn’t even need to be a message capsule – if you like to make your pet pigeon jewellery, get it a leg-ring first. That way, if it gets into any trouble, the police can step in and fine the offender $250.

  2. Upon finding a person guilty of an offence, the Court can instead order the person to pay the replacement value of the harmed pigeon.

    A quick search of gumtree shows that this is likely $6-60, further questioning the need for a specific provision in this regard.

  3. It is a complete defence to harming a homing pigeon if you are a farmer or if you are under the direction of a farmer.

    There is no particular guidance for how far this exception stretches. The test is “cultivated land”. But it is not clear whether growing tomatoes in your backyard allows you to claim this defence. Either fortunately or unfortunately, this exception does not appear to have been tested.

As with many of these bizarre provisions under the Summary Offences Act (Exhibit A, Exhibit B), it is proving impossible to trace the underlying reason behind these exceptions or to find any actual cases where this provision has been tested; which only further confounds the reasoning behind the actual reason for the law.

To stay on the right side of this law next time you are in Adelaide, I would advise that it is perhaps best to restrain from harming any pigeons just in case your target turns out to be a highly trained homing pigeon…unless you’re a farmer, in which case, its game on.

My Single Favourite Judicial Homily

As a history tragic, I am somewhat fond of inspiring political and military speeches. For commercial lawyers, and I say this with an indescribably large level of self-awareness, courtrooms are battlefields and hence judgments are as close to an inspirational war-cry as most will ever hear. That being said, I was recounting the below judgment to a colleague the other day and was shocked that I had not written about it sooner; as it includes my favourite sermon contained within a judgment.

THE BELL GROUP LTD (IN LIQ) -v- WESTPAC BANKING CORPORATION (No 9) [2008] WASC 239 holds a grim honor of being amongst the longest actively heard cases in Australian history occupying 404 hearing days between July 2003 and September 2006. By the time the various appeals were dealt with up to the High Court, it was indeed Australia’s longest ever running case. In the WA Supreme Court matter, the originating process was originally filed in 2000 and the decision was not handed down until 2008. It involved 20 different banks, 7 SC/QCs and numerous other barristers and solicitors.

Without going too deep into the minutia, the case dates back to the acquisition of the Bell Group by Alan Bond in the mid-80s. Bond bought 19.9% and wanted to get around the Acquisition of Shares Code, which would have required him to go public with the acquisition had he bought more. Bond convinced his political allies to use the WA State Government Insurance Commission to purchase another 19.9% and then sell those to Bond. The Bell Group had deep coffers and Bond intended to plunder its booty.

Through other loan agreements, Bond acquired a controlling interest and stripped $1.2 billion from the Bell Group. This landed him 2 years in gaol, the same sentence for disrupting a wedding, and amounted to one day for every $2 million. The incident led to decades of litigation including the above mentioned WA Supreme Court case.

I don’t intend to get into the complexities of this fascinating series of judgments as it is so long and complex that it makes Ken Burns look like Tommy Wiseau.

The politics are worth getting into though. Briefly, they involve backroom deals between Joe Hockey as Treasurer and the WA government agreeing to not press the ATO’s claim to $300m to allow it to flow to WA; seemingly a shady agreement between the two Liberal governments as compensation for a perceived slight over the allocation of GST distributions. Solicitor-General Justin Gleeson SC eventually persuaded Hockey that not pressing the Federal Government’s claim would likely be tantamount to neglecting his responsibilities as ministers (my words). In 2016, the then Assistant Treasurer, Kelly O’Dwyer, relied on Gleeson’s ongoing advice to intervene against a WA law that would have acted to strip the assets from the Bell Group in WA’s favour instead of following the normal preference allocation in insolvency. About one month later, Attorney-General George “Bunsen Honeydew” Brandis gave the unprecedented direction that the government solicitor was not to give advice to the government without clearing it with him first. This snowballed into a showdown that eventually led to Gleeson’s resignation, whose resignation letter rejected “each and every attack and insinuation” and did “not amount to a withdrawal of any position I have taken in relation to matters of controversy between us”. Anyway, its heady days we live in and you know how Ask Jeeves works; so you’ll look into it if you care.

Justice Owens was not aware of the political intrigue that would follow after his decision but his judgment does give an insight into the exasperation one must feel after 404 days of a hearing. The UWA alumn opens his judgment and my favourite commentary:

The Bell group of companies had a splendid radiance in the commercial life of Australia during the 1970s and early to mid-1980s. The group also had aspirations to international prominence. It was a favourite of the stock market and had accumulated (at least on paper) a relative fortune. But as the Bard so wisely remarked: ‘You fools of fortune, trencher-friends, time flies’. By the early 1990s fortune, friends and time had flown. This litigation is a result. It is a dispute of Brobdingnagian proportions that emerges wraithlike from the still-smoking ashes of the late 1980s: an unfortunate period in this State’s business and political history.

Now this is where you’re lucky to have me and this is where I’m lucky to have ctrl-f, because what follows is 9,760 paragraphs of imbroglio and entanglement. After such a “Brobdingnagian” judgment and hearing, the exhausted Owens J closes out his judgment:

I am not so naïve as to believe that the handing down of these reasons will mark the end of the litigation. But stranger things have happened. It is still not too late for the parties to put an end to this saga by a negotiated settlement, guided (perhaps) by the findings I have made. If formal judgment is never entered, or of there is a consent judgment on negotiated terms (whether or not they accord with what is contained in these reasons) I will be the last person to complain.

Whatever the parties decide to do from here, my role in the litigation will come to an end in the near future. Selfish though it may seem, for me that is the primary concern. I will try to engender sympathy for those who come after me: but I make no promises.

From time to time during the last five years I felt as if I were confined to an oubliette. There were occasions on which I thought the task of completing this case might be sempiternal. Fortunately, I have not yet been called upon to confront the infinite and, better still, a nepenthe beckons. Part of the nepenthe (which may even bear that name) is likely to involve a yeast-based substance. It will most certainly involve a complete avoidance of making decisions and writing judgments.

For the moment, in the words of Ovid (with an embellishment from the old Latin Mass): Iamque opus exegi, Deo gratias.

An oubliette is a gaol cell with the entrance in the ceiling, sempiternal means eternal and unchanging and a nepenthe is a mythical Greek drink so powerful that it banishes sorrow and eases grief.

Iamque opus exegi, Deo gratias.  –  And now I have finished the work, thanks be to God.

Justice Owens retired immediately after handing down his decision.